astronaut health

Illustration from RSC Energia's patent documents for a rotating space station: Manned modules rotate around a central axis to simulate gravity using centrifugal force.

Russia has patented a rotating space station that will simulate artificial gravity

RSC Energia patent documents suggest manned modules that would rotate around a central axis and generate up to about 0.5g; experts note that a patent is not an implementation plan, and that docking to a rotating station is a major challenge
An astronaut exercises in space to keep fit and healthy. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Will astronauts' kidneys survive a round trip to Mars?

The results showed that both human and animal kidneys undergo "remodeling" by the conditions in space, with specific renal tubules responsible for calibrating calcium and salt balance showing signs of shrinkage after less than a month