building blocks

Artist's impression of dust and tiny grains in a protoplanetary disk around a young star. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Solar system is born: Planet-forming pebbles discovered around two young stars

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For the first time, protoplanetary disks rich in centimeter-sized pebbles have been discovered around two stars about 450 light-years away, allowing a unique glimpse into the early stages of solar system formation.
This illustration shows Saturn's icy moon Enceladus with a buildup of ice particles, water vapor, and organic molecules ejected from cracks in the moon's south polar region. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Saturn's surprise: NASA discovered an energy source and a basic molecule for life on Enceladus

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In the new study, evidence for additional sources of chemical energy, much stronger and more diverse than methane production, was discovered: a group of organic compounds was found that were oxidized, and this indicates many chemical pathways for the existence of potential life in the ocean
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