One of the surprises that the spacecraft revealed in the abyss surrounding it was that no dust was found on its surface. It is estimated that incessant bombardments of micrometeorites splashed the dust upwards and due to the almost negligible force of gravity, the dust escaped into space
The asteroid Ryogo was chosen by the Japanese Space Agency as the research target of the Yabusa 2 mission, which arrived at the asteroid in 2018 and is expected to collect a number of samples from it that will be returned to Earth for analysis. The probe is also planned to carry out a controlled explosion above the asteroid, to repel a projectile towards it that will create an artificial impact crater, from which a sample of underground material will be taken.
Like the Bennu asteroid, it is tiny in size. Its diameter is 900 meters, its density is 1.2, its shape somewhat resembles the asteroid Bennu and it orbits the sun once every 1.3 Earth years. It is considered a very ancient asteroid from the days of the formation of the solar system and the researchers hope to learn about the days of its formation with its help. The intention is to enter orbit around it, photograph it, study it, collect a soil sample weighing at least 1 gram and return it to Earth(1).
On its surface there are many depressions that resemble craters. These are impact craters created due to collision with other bodies. Its curved topography can indicate that the asteroid has undergone complex changes throughout its history. Tiny asteroids that are less than 1 km in diameter are actually the product of collisions between larger asteroids. Because of this they should be much younger than the age of the solar system. Ryugu's surface structure can tell about the way it disintegrated(2).
With the help of the asteroid's mapping, you can count the number of craters on its surface. It should also not be forgotten that its tiny dimensions can make it easier to count the craters. A total of 77 craters with a diameter of 20-10 meters were counted. Most of the craters are in the eastern hemisphere near the crater named Cendrillon which is one of the largest craters of the asteroid. In contrast, there are very few craters in the Western Hemisphere, which raises the possibility that the topography of this side was created later. It also turned out that there are more craters in the low latitudes than in the high latitudes. There are very few craters in the polar regions. The equatorial ridge line in the eastern hemisphere is fossilized. It is estimated that this ridge was formed in the very distant past when the asteroid revolved around itself once every 3 hours (3).
The boulders can be divided into two types. Hard, dark rocks and rocks that look like cauliflower and look like they're crumbling. These rocks are light and smooth. There are researchers who claim that this asteroid is the product of a collision between two bodies that broke up and then, under the influence of gravity, were attracted to each other and connected. Other researchers claim that this asteroid was hit by another body and due to this differences in heat and internal pressures were created inside it while creating different materials. Some of the rocks include small red and blue inclusions. Material trapped in the rock during its formation similar to the primordial material found in meteorites on Earth called carbonate chondrites. Elements found in these rocks are calcium and aluminum(4). Its low density indicates the porosity of the asteroid. The possibility of the presence of water was raised, but in a comparative study with Bennu there is less water in it than in Bennu (5).
One of the biggest surprises was that no dust was found on his face. It is estimated that incessant bombardments of micrometeorites splashed the dust upwards and due to the almost negligible force of gravity, the dust escaped into space. Another part returned to the ground and sank into the cavities on it (6).
The interior of the asteroid is mainly made of iron and nickel(7). The spacecraft collected samples and returned to Earth. A planned entry into the Earth's atmosphere in 2020. There is an intention at the end of disconnecting the part with the samples to design an additional target spacecraft (8).
Sources
1. Stephen Clarck – "Asteroid Ryugu revealed by approaching Japanese spacecraft" 20.8.2018
https://www.spaceflightnow.com/2018/20/6/asteroid-ryugu- revealed-by-approaching-japaneese-spacecraft
2. Emily Lakdwaalla – “Hayabusa 2 “update: new views of Ryugu and corkscrew adjustment” 21.6.2018
3. "Impact crater data analysis of Ryugu asteroid illuminated complicated geological history" 28.11.2019
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Impact_crate_Data_
Analysis_Of_Ryugu_Asteroid_Illuminated_Complicated_Geological_History_999.html
4. Issam Ahmed - "New images from asteroid probe yield clues on planet formation" 22.8.2019
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/New_Images_From_Asteroid_ Probe_Yield_Clues_On_Planet_Formation_999.html
5. "Hayabusa2 probes asteroid for secrets" 20.3.2019
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Hayabusa2_Probes_Asteroid_For_ Secrets_999.html
6. "The near Earth asteroid Ryugu - a fragile cosmic rubble pile" 23.8.2019
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/The_Near_Earth_Asteroid_Ryugu_ A_Fragile_Cosmic_Rrubble_Pile_999.html
7. Astronomy picture of the day 22.8.2018
8. Kyoko Hasegawe – “The voyage home Japenese Hayabusa 2 probe to head for Earth” 13.11.2019
Comments
world builder….
יוני
The control is done with the help of the spacecraft's computer. Since the signals to and from the spacecraft do not arrive in real time, a very detailed work plan is prepared in advance, including action options in cases where the spacecraft's operation is not done as planned. fact it works. The asteroid is not holding the spacecraft. What matters is the spacecraft's flight speed. The explanation I give is as concise as I have summarized it. Why not contact the Japanese space agency's public relations department. or from the flight managers and you will receive a detailed explanation including drawings and formulas. Or enter the value of the asteroid on Wikipedia and through the attached sources you will find detailed explanations
The gravity of this small asteroid is zero.
So how will the spaceship attack him if it isn't attracted to him?
After all, its gravity will not be enough to overcome the centrifugal force created during the lap.
So the spaceship both flies together with him in his orbit in perfect coordination and at the same time orbits him?
Eli Isaac
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Haim, the escape velocity from it is so low, I don't know how to calculate, but I estimate that it is maybe one millimeter per hour or maybe even less, and at the same time the meteor itself is moving through space at an enormous speed, let's say 20,000 kilometers per hour, so let's assume you're right and it has enough gravity to hold the The spacecraft is in orbit, yet how can the speed be controlled at the millimeter level?
יוני
The gravity of the asteroid is tiny but it has nothing to do with the movement of the spacecraft. As soon as the spaceship reaches it, it activates engines and goes into orbit around it. The operation of the engines is extremely delicate since any deviation from its orbit, even the smallest, will take it far and possibly permanently away from the asteroid. Once the spacecraft moves around it, it will continue to move in this orbit, unless its operators decide otherwise. It turned out that this gravitational force has an effect, even if tiny, on dust grains. Read my previous article about the asteroid Bennu.
If the spacecraft rotates around it at a speed lower than the escape velocity from it, it remains, as soon as a micro meteorite hits the asteroid, it transfers kinetic energy into the asteroid which translates into a high velocity for objects with a low mass such as dust and therefore they pass the escape velocity and are thrown into space, this happens less to heavy objects and therefore they are are staying
I'm trying to understand how such a small asteroid can capture the spacecraft with its gravity so that it surrounds it (it can't even attract dust grains)