Hypernova shockwave eruptions: Hypernovae are even more violent astronomical phenomena than supernovae, with explosion energies that exceed those of supernovae by more than ten times. These powerful explosions are usually accompanied by powerful jets that create unique shock explosion structures at the poles of the star. The jets not only cause the explosion, but also create strong flow instabilities within the ejected material, which causes further mixing of the star's interior. Recent observational data suggest that the famous supernova 1987A may be associated with a jet explosion, rather than the spherical explosion predicted by previous one-dimensional models. Credit: ASIAA/ Ke-Jung Chen