A new theoretical method enables more accurate calculations of the three-dimensional motion of quarks, and leads to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the proton spin
Nuclear scientists have developed a new theoretical method to accurately calculate the three-dimensional motion of quarks inside a proton, which provides an improved understanding of the lateral motions of these particles.
This breakthrough makes it possible to predict the behavior of quarks and gluons in future accelerator experiments, such as the electron-ion accelerator (EIC) and the European Hadron Collider (LHC), with the aim of better understanding the spin dynamics of the proton.
A new theoretical method in nuclear physics
Nuclear scientists have developed a new theoretical method that provides a better understanding of the three-dimensional motion of quarks inside a proton. Using this innovative method, the researchers were able to obtain a more accurate and clearer picture of the lateral movement of the quarks - their movement around the proton's axis of rotation and at an angle to its forward movement.
The new calculations are compatible with models based on particle collision data and are particularly successful in capturing the behavior of quarks with low lateral momentum—an area where previous methods have struggled.
Effects on future accelerator experiments
Revealing the spin sources of the proton is one of the main goals of the electron-ion accelerator (EIC). Collisions of spin-aligned protons and high-energy electrons will enable accurate measurement of the transverse motion of quarks and gluons in a proton.
This new theoretical method provides for the first time accurate calculations of the distribution of the lateral momentum of quarks in protons and changes with the collision energy. These calculations are simpler than the existing complicated models for describing quark-gluon interactions arising from the strong force.
The lateral movements of the quarks
Nuclear theorists from Brookhaven Laboratories and Argon succeeded in calculating the Collins-Soper kernel, a parameter that describes the variation of the distribution of the lateral momentum of quarks in a proton with the collision energy.
The team used quantum chromodynamics (QCD) simulations using supercomputers, which describe the quark-gluon interactions in three-dimensional space-time.
This theoretical method made the calculations simpler and obtained accurate results even in the small lateral movements of the quarks - an area where the interactions between quarks and gluons are particularly strong and complex.
Improving forecasting accuracy
The new results for quarks with low lateral momentum are consistent with previous results but are much more accurate and have significantly smaller uncertainties. They are also suitable for models developed to explain existing experimental data.
These achievements demonstrate that this method can be used to predict and interpret the results of future experiments at different energies in the Electron-Ion Accelerator (EIC) and the European Hadron Collider (LHC). Physicists will use the predictions and results of these experiments to study the motion of quarks inside protons and its contribution to the spin of the proton.
More of the topic in Hayadan:
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The neural revolution appeared, and it changed
completely the knowledge - (the physical - geometric)
The stars do not move in elliptical orbits in the plane, but in helical orbits in space. A screw track in space has 3 data - diameter, speed - and angle of advancement,
The stars have no gravity, and their movement in a Borgian orbit is natural and eternal. An apple falls on its own when you let go of it, and there is no need for gravity to pull it down.
Physicists are mistaken in the idea that matter is made up of particles. Matter is continuous, and is in the nature of a physical form.
Just as a geometric form is built from the sum of quantities of a closed length containing a quantity of area, so a physical form is built from the sum of quantities of energy and passive time.
Passive time exists in physical reality, and the time measured by a clock exists only in the human imagination.
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And the mathematicians are wrong in saying that there is a single pi number that corresponds to the whole circle. The neural revolution discovered that each circle has a private pi number corresponding to its size.
Private pi numbers vary between 3.14 and 3.16.
Look for Asbar books, published by Niv
400 years after the Copernican revolution
The neural revolution appeared, which changed
Completely all the physical-geometrical knowledge.
The stars do not move in elliptical orbits in the plane, but in helical orbits in space.
For a screw track in space, there are 3 data - the diameter of the track,
speed - and angle of promotion,
The stars have no gravity, and their movement in a Borgian orbit is natural and eternal.
An apple falls on its own when you let go of it, and there is no need for gravity to pull it down.
Physicists are wrong in saying that matter is made up of particles. Matter is continuous, and is in the nature of a physical form.
Just as a geometric form is built from the sum of quantities of a closed length containing a quantity of area, so a physical form is built from the sum of quantities of energy and passive time.
The material elements are physical forms.
Passive time actually exists in physical reality, while the concept of time that man uses exists only in the human imagination - and does not exist in physical reality.
The mathematicians are wrong in saying that there is a single pi number that corresponds to the whole circle. The neural revolution discovered that each circle has a private pi number corresponding to its size.
Private pi numbers vary between 3.14 and 3.16.
Look for Asbar books, published by Niv