The "Chandra" space telescope operating in the field of radiation made two discoveries: the "x-ray ash of the dead stars" and the identification of two objects in the depths of space made of "material not yet known"
Two important discoveries in the field of astronomy were revealed these days by NASA, the US space agency: one - for the first time the oldest stardust was discovered - the remains of stars that collapsed and died 10 billion years ago. This is the earliest "star ash" discovered - from the beginning of the formation of the universe.
The other discovery: In the depths of space, two objects were identified that are made of "a material the likes of which has never been seen before", as defined by the scientists. The ancient stardust was discovered using a sophisticated camera placed on the ground telescope in Hawaii. He observed what was happening in the most distant stars that can be observed from Earth - in "quasars". These are made of cold dust of carbon and silicon.
In the second discovery it was reported that the first two "quark stars" in the universe were discovered. The density and compression of the material in them is greater than anything known to date - but it is less than the density of the material in a "black hole".
This discovery was made using the Chandra airborne telescope, which operates in the X-ray field.
Quarks are very tiny, invisible particles, the building blocks of all matter in the universe. On Earth they cannot be seen independently, since they only appear in groups of three and are made up of the protons and neutrons that make up the atomic nucleus.
The two discovered objects, now called quark stars, are made only of the strange quark, the scientists noted.
The stars of the new type were discovered in two objects, one of them, a pulsar (pulsating star) is a remnant of a star explosion - an event known as a supernova, which occurred in 1181 AD, 400 light years from Earth. The temperature measured in the remains of the explosion reaches 710 thousand degrees, more than 100 times the heat prevailing on the surface of the sun.
If the discovery is confirmed, in further observations and research, it is possible that this will provide a first "glimpse" of a modern form of matter - which has the purpose of deepening the knowledge of the question of how the universe was formed from the most basic elements of matter, immediately after the "big bang".
The discovery provides a first application to long-standing theories about the way stars form and die, when their nuclear fuel runs out. They move to the "quark star" stage, which is probably the last stage in their dying process, before turning into black holes.
The astrophysicist Dr. Michael Turner from the University of Chicago said: "We got a new member to the family tree." And added: "Most massive stars go through the process of their death, into the state of a black hole. The less massive stars become white dwarfs. But between these two, the quark stars are formed. This means: that there probably exists in the universe another state of matter, made of quarks that have not differentiated.
Alex Doron
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