Evolution in action

Cuckoo chicks look similar to their host chicks. Cuckoo chicks (left) and their host "brothers" of different species (right) | Source: Naomi Langmore

The divergent adaptation of cuckoos

Cuckoos develop eggs and chicks that resemble those of their hosts, to avoid detection. When they have more than one host, this can lead to the creation of new species of cuckoos – especially if they are “violent”.
The discovery of the 555-million-year-old fossil *Uncus dzaugisi* in South Australia confirms their origins in the Precambrian period of the ecdysozoans, and bridges an important evolutionary gap. Photo courtesy of Harvard University

A 555-million-year-old fossil sheds light on one of the great mysteries of evolution

The discovery of the oldest fossil from the Ecdysozoa family (Uncus dzaugisi), a group of animals characterized by shedding their skin and including insects, crustaceans and nematodes, sheds light on the early evolution of animals

Ants vs. Humans: The Maze Challenge

Group decision making makes ants smarter. With humans, on the other hand, sometimes it is better to be alone
Don't look in the jar. A view of the sponge Theonella conica at a depth of 27 m at the Katsa site, Eilat (Photo: Shani Shoham)

The original and prestigious way of the sponges in the Eilat Bay to keep predators away

The sponges use a precious metal to warn: beware! We are toxic
The desert locust (Schistocerca Gregaria). Illustration: depositphotos.com

The 'good enough' principle in nature: how evolution saved resources in the digging paws of the female locust

The female locust can dig 4-3 holes to lay eggs and then her organs that are intended for this wear out
The Arizona mountain kingsnake, which is non-venomous but similar to a venomous coral snake, enjoys a survival advantage by deterring potential predators that avoid colorful coral-type snakes. Photo: University of Arizona

The Big Evolutionary Bang of Threat, Camouflage and Courtship Colors in Animals

Evolution, color signals, animals, courtship, warning, peacock, poisonous frogs, communication between animals, signals in plants, evolutionary biology
Eastern wasp. Photo: Shahar Shahar, Tel Aviv University Spokesperson

Wasps are the only animal that can drink alcohol without limit

malaria. Illustrative infographic: depositphotos.com

to look directly into the dark crystal of the malaria parasite

The malaria-causing parasite exacts a bloody toll from humanity, not least thanks to its ability to produce unique, dark crystals inside our blood cells. New research fully deciphers the structure of these crystals and calcns
Terrestrial animals display a wide range of limb structures - from 'spread', in which the limbs are held alongside the body, as in lizards, to 'upright', in which the limbs are held below the body and close to the midline of the animal, as in dogs, cats and horses . An upright body structure is a characteristic of most modern mammals, but when did this key feature evolve?  Credit: Peter Bishop

How mammals achieved their upright posture 

A new study reveals the twists and turns and complexities in the evolution of mammals, from a spread body structure (legs tending to the sides like in reptiles) to an upright body structure where the feet are stable on the ground
Lateral transfer of genes between bacteria and plants. The image was prepared using DALEE and is not a scientific image

Strengthening plant health: the role of gene exchange with bacteria

New research has revealed how plants and bacteria swap genes to boost plant health and development. These genes affect key processes such as carbohydrate metabolism and hormone synthesis
Colonies of ants began growing mushrooms when an asteroid hit Earth 66 million years ago. This damage caused mass extinction but also created ideal conditions for fungi to flourish. This is how an evolutionary partnership was created that became even closer 27 million years ago and continues to this day. Credit: Don Parsons

Ant farming began 66 million years ago following the asteroid that doomed the dinosaurs

Smithsonian Institution scientists compiled and analyzed an extensive genetic database, and found that some mushroom crops became completely dependent on ants 27 million years ago, a process created 65 million years ago by an event
Sea robin (Prionotus carolinus). Credit: Annick Grierson, Harvard University

A fish with legs

Sea robin as an evolutionary model for trait development
Photo 4: The life cycle of the blooming sea lily Edwardsiella carnea. a. Mature male and female polyps release gametes into the water column. b. Free-swimming planula formed after fertilization. c. The planula infects the comb host Mnemiopsis leidyi and develops into a worm-like parasitic stage. d. Planula after the parasite stage exits the comb host to the water column (e), where it can either settle on the sea floor (f) and develop into a polyp (a) or infect another comb host or a scyphozoan host such as Rhopilema nomadica or Rhizostoma pulmo (hypothetical parasite spillover) (gh) . A planula after the parasite stage may leave the scyphozoic host and move through the water column (i), where it may settle on the sea floor (f) and develop into a polyp. The dashed line represents an alternative route.

Jellyfish under attack: Researchers have found parasitic sea lilies in jellyfish for the first time

Researchers have discovered for the first time the existence of parasitic planoles (sort of larvae) of the sea lily that grows in jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea that allow the sea lily to spread beyond the immediate environment, a finding that may affect ecosystems
A bird stores its food to use when needed. The drawing was prepared using DALEE

A mechanism was discovered that allows animals to store food and find it when needed without relying on memory

Researchers from the Hebrew University have proposed a new theory about how animals store and recover stored food. Their research, published in Scientific Reports, challenges traditional notions of animal storage behavior
In the photo, from right to left: Dr. Tanya Dubovic, Prof. Shai Shen-Or, Dr. Alina Strusvetsky and Dr. Martin Lukachishin

Research sheds light on the constant evolution of the immune system

The researchers of the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine at the Technion show in their article in Nature how the immune system has developed a "developmental space" that allows it to quickly adapt to changes in the environment
the call of the crow. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The crows know how to count... out loud!

Research shows that crows can intentionally produce up to four vocalizations in response to specific cues, indicating a non-symbolic number system and vocal control similar to that of human infants. This ability offers a foundation
Red worms dig in the compost. Even the worms that exist today mix substances. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Worms - uncredited heroes of evolution

The researchers examined the relationship between sediment mixing caused, in part, by burrowing worms with a mineral called pyrite, which plays a key role in oxygen accumulation. As more pyrite is formed and buried under the mud, sand or
A researcher examines a killifish fish. The image was prepared using DALEE and is not a scientific image

Cracking the code for longevity? A breakthrough in understanding the relationship between sex and life expectancy

A study by Hebrew University researchers opens innovative avenues in understanding the influence of sex cells on life expectancy and sheds light on the central role of sex cells and fertility on longevity
Artist's rendering of a group of G. blacki within a forest in southern China. Credit: Garcia/Juan-Boyo (Southern Cross University)

3 meter tall apes in East Asia became extinct because they were overspecialized

In the spectacular karst landscapes of southern China, giant apes, known as Gigantopithecus blacki, once roamed. They were three meters tall and weighed about 250 kilograms. They became extinct about 300 thousand years ago. The reasons for the extinction of
The evolution of horses. Image: Mcy jerry w CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=98977446

A new evolutionary theory explains why animals shrink over time

Research: A New Understanding of Animal Size Changes Over Time: Competition, Ecological Pressures, and Cope's Law
Cells infected with the corona virus. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Medicines in the evolution test

Drug safety tests often focus on "physiological safety", meaning their possible effect on patients. Weizmann Institute of Science scientists propose a new type of test: evolutionary safety
dog training Illustration: depositphotos.com

Food vs toys - scientists reveal what dogs really prefer

It is definitely possible to train a dog with toys if you start very early," said the lead researcher from the University of Florida. "This is what we do with search and rescue dogs, we start very early with toys as reinforcers."
The famous prehistoric rock paintings of Tsili N'Air, Algeria. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The evolutionary changes following the extinction of the large animals

The need to hunt small animals caused prehistoric man to improve his mental abilities in order to perfect his hunting tools
Ancient sturgeon fish. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Why do some species survive mass extinctions? The secret may be a hidden "whole genome duplication".

Geneticists have discovered a whole genome duplication event that occurred in the past in the common ancestor of sturgeons and paddlefish that may have helped them during the mass extinction 200 million years ago
A rock rabbit in the Ein Gedi reserve. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The social network of the rock bunnies

Tracking social mammals has allowed scientists to understand how they choose a way of behavior that promotes their ability to reproduce
The mass of mammals in the world. Only 6% are animals in Remy weighs more? The biomass of humans, of farm and pet animals, and of wild mammals (Illustration: Itay Reva)

Life at stake: the weight of wild mammals dwarfs that of farm animals

The biomass of cows, pigs, sheep and other farm animals is currently 30 times greater than that of all elephants, elk and other wild land mammals combined
A group of soldiers. Image: depositphotos.com

Good by nature 4: The big lie of "all-out war"

Why do we think our nature is so bad? Why do we believe that constant warfare is a basic human drive?
Understand each other without words (illustration). Image: depositphotos.com

Good by nature 3: All rights reserved to Teva

In this chapter we will examine whether social morality is a product of religions, or a universal biological trait that preceded cultures and religions? And how humanity can unite in times of emergency
Bushmen in Africa light a fire together. Image: depositphotos.com

Good by Nature 2: Four Billion Years of Cooperation

In a symbiotic reorganization, the organism functions much better than its individual cells or parts.
Bee necklace. Image: depositphotos.com

Good by nature Part 1: How we cooperate against evil

The debate on whether human nature is good or bad from youth is an ancient one, Ehud Amir believes that although it may seem the other way around, human nature is good from youth and the bad are the exceptions. Chapter One
Glowing corals in the depths of the sea.

The sophisticated methods of the corals to organize a meal for themselves even in the depths of the sea

Researchers have discovered that corals also glow at depth to lure their prey
Fruit bat: photo by Yuval Barkai

There is no scientific evidence that the corona came from bats

According to the researchers, the claims according to which the corona outbreak originates from bats are not scientifically based and are misleading to the public. According to the researchers, in most cases bats do not store viruses in their bodies and in any case they have a system
alligator. Photo: depositphotos.com

survive by crawling

About a fifth of the world's reptile species are in danger of extinction
Schematic diagram of the bacterial operon (top) versus the eukaryotic transferron (bottom). According to the researchers, instead of "beads on a string" a kind of genetic "stroke-na" game developed during evolution that allows using the same "letters" - that is, messenger RNA molecules originating from genes located on different chromosomes - to create different "words", i.e. different transferrons

make from an elephant bacterium

How did evolution overcome the lack of order in the storage of genetic information in the transition from bacteria to more developed creatures?
A model of a mammoth cub, photographed at the Natural History Museum of Kyiv, Photo by Medusa Gorgona Illustration: depositphotos.com

The brain size of the animals determined the survival chances of the larger species

This is according to an article published by researchers who examined the mass extinction of humans over the past tens of thousands of years. The researchers found that the brains of large extinct species were smaller on average than that of
Solutions have been found in nature to prevent "consanguineous marriages". Illustration: depositphotos.com

Things that Yoram knows" Do only humans avoid incest?

Korbus asks: In human culture there is a taboo on sexual relations between family members, but not in animals. For example, it is not uncommon for a cat to fertilize its biological mother. Is incest
A mother goose and her goslings cross a road. Illustration: depositphotos.com

How are the birds coping with the climate crisis?

Researchers have found changes in the body structure of birds, which are probably due to adaptation to global warming
Joseph interprets to Pharaoh the dream he had in which there were seven cows and seven fat cows. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Things that Yoram knows: why are cows fat?

An angry question is sent by a reader frustrated by counting calories and chewing celery: How is it that cows that eat straw, grass and other leaves and foliage that are so recommended for diets are so fat?
Return to normal after the corona virus (has not yet fully occurred as of the day of writing the news) Photo: depositphotos.com

Back to normal?

Is the routine good for us or maybe we are better off without it? And could it be that a new one that we haven't met yet is about to devour all the cards?
A house cat plays. Their brains are smaller than the cats they evolved from. Illustration: depositphotos.com

The miniature brain of domestic cats

A dog peeks out from the ruins of the city of Leigu in the Sichuan province of China. The earthquake happened on May 12, 2008, the photo was taken on May 27. Illustration: depositphotos.com Soyuz launcher on the launch pad in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Things donors know: Can animals predict earthquakes?

"Nutza" asks: It is known that animals feel earthquakes. Why don't humans feel earthquakes coming?
Ants build a bridge by working together. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Is the Earth on its way to becoming an intelligent organism?

At the beginning of the year 2022, three astrobiologists ran a fascinating thought experiment: they claimed that the entire Earth was about to become an intelligent organism. The meaning, as you can understand, is not that there is a mind at the core of the planet that makes decisions for
A moth that has developed acoustic camouflage. Courtesy of the author, Thomas Niall University of Bristol.

Moths and bats have been in an evolutionary arms race for millions of years - and we're still uncovering their tricks

Many species of moths, which are the favorite prey of many bats, have developed all kinds of tricks to avoid being eaten. Some have developed a sense of hearing at the appropriate frequencies and others, lacking the ability to hear, have developed camouflage solutions
Prof. Oded Ravavi. Photo: Tel Aviv University spokesperson

Can high temperature accelerate the rate of evolution?

Researchers from Tel Aviv University demonstrated with the help of worms that epigenetic inheritance of sexual attraction can influence the process of evolution
Galapagos Islands. Photo: Prof. Noa Shankar, Tel Aviv University

The gatekeepers of biodiversity in the Galapagos Islands

A delegation of researchers from the Faculty of Life Sciences, in collaboration with the Steinhardt Natural History Museum, flew to the other end of the world and participated in a conference on the conservation of biological diversity in the Galapagos Islands
A fish drives out of water on the paths of Ben Gurion University. Photo: Shahar Givon and Mattan Semina, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Researchers managed to prove: a goldfish can drive on land

A research group from the field of life sciences and computer science challenged goldfish to navigate in a terrestrial environment. The results change everything we thought about fish