will help scientists identify about 30 human genes, including those involved in diseases such as cancer and diabetes; will make it possible to find out which sequences are responsible for character types, musical talent, the rate of aging and eye color
Scientists published last night the "final version" of the mapping of the human genome. Less than three years after the completion of the draft of the genome, which included three billion letters that make up the human DNA, and two years earlier than estimated, research teams in many countries announced that the mapping of the instruction system for human development and functioning had been completed.
The Human Genome Mapping Project has helped scientists uncover mutations that cause deadly skin cancer, and accelerated the search for genes that cause diabetes, leukemia and eczema in children. The complete mapping will help scientists identify 25 to 30 thousand human genes, including the genes involved in complex diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
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The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute has managed to map almost a third of the human genome. Scientists in the USA, France, Germany, Japan and China worked on the project. It turned out that there are far fewer genes than scientists had estimated and that the array of proteins, which builds tissues and regulates the body's functions, is more complex than first thought. "The nematode worm has about 17 thousand genes, so we don't have much more than a small worm. But we were able to assemble a wide variety of these protective proteins. The next challenge is to understand the process", said Dr. Jane Rogers, who heads the institute.
According to Prof. Yossi Shila, head of the human genetics department at Tel Aviv University, the ultimate goal of the genome project is to understand and predict the course of a person's life based on their DNA. "There are millions of changes in DNA from person to person, and now the researchers want to crack this variation. Discovering the location of all the genes and their function will allow us to discover which sequences are responsible for different character types or musical talent, the rate of aging or the color of the eyes."
The complete mapping will probably trigger a great wave of genetic research in the pharmaceutical industry, and will form the basis for biomedical research in the coming decades. Among the new benefits of mapping the human genome will be new treatments, drugs that are individually tailored to genetic profiles and early diagnosis of diseases.
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